The Mystery of the Missing Manchu: Monolingual Signage at the Forbidden City

Sharp-eyed visitors to the Palace Museum will note the number of signs which are written in both Chinese and Manchu.  Makes sense considering who actually ruled the Qing Empire and so many of the signs at the Forbidden City look something like this:

But the signs on the main attractions, the big gates and halls of the outer court, the ones EVERYBODY sees (even the “In 35 minutes we have to be at Badaling” package tourist) have signs only in Chinese. By way of example, check out this picture of the Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohe Dian), in which scholars of centuries past toiled away to pass the highest level of exam.

Only Hanyu. What gives?

I’ve been wondering this for awhile, and on the off-hand chance that either Freda Murck or Geremie Barmé reads this blog they could drop me a note.  Until then, Joel Martinson, the translation machine behind the Danwei blog, tipped me off to this article from 163.com posted back in 2004 which claims to have the answer.  I’ve translated and appended it below the fold, but I’m not entirely convinced…sounds a little too neat and clean to blame old Yuan

The Historical Record for November 14, 2008: Arsenic and the Old Buddha

Today marks the 100th anniversary of the death of The Guangxu Emperor.  The second in a line of three child emperors, Aisin-Gioro Zaitian (b. 1875) ascended the throne following the death of his cousin, Aisin Gioro Zaichun (The Tongzhi Emperor, r. 1861-1875).  I say cousin because Zaitian was the son of Prince Chun and the Empress Dowager Cixi’s younger sister.  This would be Cixi’s first “Keith Hernandez Moment” but certainly not her last.  Not only did she choose her own nephew, but by doing so violated one of the most sacrosanct rules of imperial succession: each emperor must be able to pay obeisance to his ancestors before.  Cousins don’t count.

The young emperor grew up, carefully watched by his aunt and her cronies, until 1898 when Guangxu decided to assert himself a bit.  In league with a group of young scholars including Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Tan Sitong, Guangxu issued a series of proclamations between June and August of that year while Cixi was on her summer sabbatical.  The “100 Days Reforms” included overhauling the examination system, founding new educational institutions (including what would become Peking University), and re-appropriating funds to build a modern navy and army.  Kang Youwei

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