Bad History: Charles “Chinese” Gordon on NPR

Listening to NPR this evening, today’s installment of the series “China Rising” looks at the China-Africa connection through the life and career of British army officer and adventurer Charles “Chinese” Gordon (1833-1885).  Gordon took over for Frederick Townsend Ward against the Taiping in 1862 and was later killed by the forces of Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed in Khartoum in 1885.

While I’m no huge fan of Charles Gordon, who was nothing if not a relentless self-promoter with delusions of grandeur and a true product of the colonial system, he was hardly the vanguard of British narco-imperialism suggested by the report.  First of all, it was Lord Elgin, not Gordon, who burned the Yuanmingyuan palaces in the 1860 Anglo-French Expedition.  The report continues to ominously suggest that “Gordon later fought in one of history’s bloodiest rebellions in which tens of millions of Chinese died.” Yeah, but Gordon’s involvement with the Taiping Rebellion was on the side of the Qing (more or less) and the business interests of the Shanghai treaty port (a bit more than less).  Taking over for Ward, Gordon led the Ever Victorious Army, an adhoc outfit armed with European and American weapons, in a tenuous alliance with Li Hongzhang

Bad History: The Nation and the unobserved rise and decline of Empire

Of all the hoary myths that pervade US media writing on China, one that irks historians quite a bit is the hoary chestnut of an inert, uncompromising China being “opened” by the dynamic, technologically and politically advanced West in the 19th century.

Prefacing his review in this week’s The Nation, foreign policy author John Feffer compares the American government of 2007 with the days of the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796-1825), when the weaknesses of the Qing state were becoming all too apparent.

The article itself is a pastiche of recent publications on China, with a dollop of Yellow Peril to balance for flavor, warning Americans that we should not get too comfy in our place as the world’s preeminent power. I can accept Feffer’s larger point–about American obtuseness and arrogance–though his choice of language (“In place of opium, there are the distracting pleasures of Chinese goods for sale at Wal-Mart”) is unfortunate.

Contemporary China hands will no doubt have much to say about Feffer’s analysis of today’s China and its potential as an eater of worlds, but I’d like to take a moment to set the record straight on Feffer’s description of Chinese history.

“The

Bad History: Hong Kong edition

Donald Tsang (amusingly dubbed “Darth Bow Tie” by the chattering set) seems to have gotten himself in a bit of sticky wicket:

From AP: Hong Kong’s leader said Friday that too much democracy could lead to another Cultural Revolution, when gangs of youths were given free rein to persecute suspected government opponents in mainland China.

Donald Tsang’s comments quickly drew criticism from pro-democracy lawmakers who questioned his willingness to fight for democracy in Hong Kong. Days earlier, Tsang delivered an annual policy address that was criticized for lacking a timetable for establishing full democracy in the former British territory.

Tsang said Hong Kong must promote democratic development without compromising social stability and government efficiency.

“If you go to the extreme … you have the Cultural Revolution,” Tsang said on government-run RTHK radio. “For instance in China when people take everything into their hands, then you cannot govern the place.”

While the roots of the Cultural Revolution are complex, the cliff notes version* is that it occurred when Mao (put to pasture by a committee of leaders including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping) and those in Mao’s inner circle decided to do